[Grammar for IELTS] Present tenses

Present simple (一般现在时)

verb/verb + (e)s	He plays tennis
do/does not + verb	She doesn’t play tennis
do/does … + verb ?	Do you play tennis ?

一般现在时用于

• 经常性的习惯或反复发生的动作：
  • 描述频率的词汇包括 (always, generally, normally, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, every day, every evening).
• 永久性的情况或状态
  • 要表示某件事持续了多久时，应使用现在完成时，而非一般现在时
• 陈述事实或广为接受的真理
  • 通常使用的词汇 (generally, mianly, normally, usually, traditionally)
• 提供指导或指示
• 讲述故事、电影、书籍和戏剧

Present continuous (现在进行时)

am/is/are + verb + -ing	He’s living in Thailand
am/is/are not + verb + -ing	I ‘m not living in Thailand
am/is/are … _ verb + -ing ?	Are they living in Thailand ?

现在进行时用于

• 现在的情况或状态
  • My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment. (= he doesn’t normally live there)
  • 此类经常使用的单词或短语包括 (at the moment, currently, now, this week/mouth/year)
• 说话间正在发生的动作
• 趋势或正在变化的情况
• 经常发生的动作
  • 常与 (always, constantly, continually, forever) 这类副词连用，表示羡慕、批评等情绪

State verbs (状态动词)

因为状态动词本身的意思是想表达一种事实而不是暂时的事情，所以状态动词通常并不出现在现在进行时的句子里。状态动词表达想法、感情、感知、占有和描述等状态

以下是一些状态动词的例子：

• 想法
  • agree, assume, believe, disagree, forget, hope, know, regret, remember, suppose, think, understand.
• 感情
  • adore, despise, dislike, enjoy, feel, hate, like, love, mind, prefer, want.
• 感知
  • feel, hear, see, smell, taste
  • 但谈论事情正在发生时，可以使用 can
• 占有
  • have, own, belong
• 描述
  • appear, contain, look, look like, mean, resemble, seem, smell, sound, taste, weigh

• 当意思本身表暂时性时，一些状态动词可以使用进行时，比较以下几组句子：

  • What are you thinking about ? (now)

  • I think you should tell her exactly what happend. (my opinion, so not temporary)

  • I’m tasting the sauce to see if if needs any more salt.

  • The sauce tastes delicious

  • She ‘s having a great time. (is having = is experiencing, not possession)

  • Students don’t generally have much money. (have = possession)