[Grammar for IELTS] Past tenses

Past simple (一般过去时)

verb + -ed (or -d)	He worked for the police
did not + verb	She didn’t work for the police
did … + verb ?	Did they work for the police

不规则动词

许多动词都是不规则的: went (go), came (come), wrote (write)

be 动词也是不规则的: I/he/she/it was; you/we/they were

一般过去时用于

• 过去已经完成的动作。通常情况下，句中会提及时间，如果时间已知，句中则不需要提及时间
• 按照发生顺序描述的一系列动作
  • 在表明时间顺序时，通常会使用诸如 next, then 之类的词语
• 过去的习惯性动作
  • used to 和 would 也可以用于表示过去的习惯性动作
• 过去长时间保持的，现在已经发生改变的状态
  • used to 也可以用于此类状态

Past continuous (过去进行时)

was/were + verb + -ing	She was watching the news
was/were not + verb + -ing	They weren’t watching the news
was/were … + verb + -ing ?	Were you watching the news ?

过去进行时用于

• 为某一动作或事件(通常用一般过去时)提供场景。通常会用到 when, while 和 as 这样的词汇
  • 在同一时间可能进行多个动作
• 强调某个动作而不关注动作的完成情况
  • For a while last year I was working at the cinema, studying for my degree and writing a column for the local newspaper. (We don’t know if the actions were completed or not, or whether they happened at the same time)
    Last year I worked at the cinema, studied for my degree and wrote a column for the local newspaper. (suggests all of the jobs are now complete, and probably happened in the order)
  • 状态动词一般没有进行时态

Used to and would (Uesd to 和 would)

used to/would + infinitive	She uesd to/would lock the door
did not + use to + infinitive	I didn’t use to lock the door
did … use to + infinitive ?	Did they use to lock the door ?

• used to + 原形(动词)或者would + 原形(动词)用于描述过去的习惯性动作

  She uesd to keep the front door locked. (but she stooped doing this)

  She would leave the door unlocked whenever she was at home

  Would 一般不出现在被动语态和 Yes/No (疑问)题目中，通常也不用于否定

• uesd to + 原形(动词)用于描述现在已经不存在的过去某种持续性状态
  Bill Murphy used to work for the police force. (but he doesn’t now: not Bill Murphy would work for the police force. )

  当描述某种状态持续了多久的时候，不用 uesd to
  Bill Murphy worked for the police force for over 17 years. (not Bill Murphy used to work for the police forcce for over 17 years.)

  Would不能与状态动词同用